Charles Darwin was an influential naturalist and biologist, best known for his theory of evolution through natural selection. Born in 1809 in England, Darwin's early interests in nature led him to study medicine, and later, theology. However, it was his journey on the HMS Beagle, which began in 1831, that profoundly shaped his scientific outlook. During this expedition, Darwin collected numerous specimens and made observations that would later inform his groundbreaking ideas about the diversification of species.
In 1859, Darwin published "On the Origin of Species," a seminal work that introduced the concept of evolution as a gradual process driven by natural selection. He proposed that species evolve over time as a result of variations that enhance survival and reproduction. This work challenged existing beliefs about creation and laid the foundation for modern biological science.
Despite facing criticism and controversy, Darwin's ideas gained significant traction and have since become a cornerstone of biological sciences. His contributions extend beyond evolution; he also explored plant and animal behavior, ecology, and the interconnectedness of life. Darwin died in 1882, leaving a lasting legacy that continues to influence our understanding of life on Earth.