"Candide," a novel by Voltaire, is a satirical take on optimism and society during the Enlightenment period. The story follows the young Candide, who is raised in a sheltered environment and indoctrinated with the belief that everything happens for the best. His life quickly spirals into a series of misfortunes, including war, natural disasters, and personal betrayal, which challenge this naive philosophy. Through these experiences, Voltaire critiques blind optimism, showcasing the harsh realities of life that contradict the idea of a perfectly ordered universe.
The narrative takes Candide on a tumultuous journey across Europe and beyond, highlighting the absurdities of various philosophies and institutions. Each character he meets serves as a representation of different worldviews, from the overly optimistic Pangloss to the self-serving aristocrats. As Candide grapples with his suffering, he begins to question the validity of the optimistic philosophy that was instilled in him, which leads to moments of reflection and growth.