Level 1: Should I Eat the Cookie? Preconventional Reasoning Stage 1. It depends. How likely am I to get punished? Being punished is unpleasant. Aggression typically peaks around ages two through four, after which kids are reined in by adults' punishment {"Go sit in the corner"} and peers {i.e., being ostracized}. Stage 2. It depends. If I refrain, will I get rewarded? Being rewarded is nice. Both stages are ego-oriented-obedience and self-interest {what's in it for me?}. Kohlberg found that children are typically at this level up to around ages eight through ten.
( Robert M. Sapolsky )
[ Behave: The Biology of Humans ]
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