Victor Hugo suggests that animals serve as reflections of our own virtues and vices, acting as visible manifestations of our inner selves. He implies that through observing animals, we are encouraged to contemplate our behavior and morality. Since animals are considered mere shadows of our existence, they lack the capacity for true education, as their nature does not demand growth or learning in the same way that humans do.

Hugo contrasts this with human beings, who possess real souls and intelligence. Our souls have a purpose that warrants the ability to learn and grow, which is a gift bestowed upon us by God. In this way, our intelligence allows for education, reflecting our potential for moral development and self-improvement, unlike the limited existence of animals.