Robert D. Kaplan discusses the complexities that arise when Judeo-Christian moral frameworks are applied to state matters. He acknowledges that in some political contexts, adhering strictly to these moral guidelines may be impractical or even harmful. This realization can be deeply unsettling for individuals and leaders, as they grapple with the tension between moral integrity and political necessity.

Kaplan identifies a unique group of leaders who, despite the discomfort their actions may cause, recognize when it is essential to deviate from traditional moral values in order to serve their nations effectively. These leaders demonstrate courage by taking responsibility for their choices, understanding that their decisions may provoke unease but are necessary for the greater good. Their leadership, though controversial, is deemed critical for navigating the complexities of governance.