He did not understand how men could busy themselves with hating each other because of silly stuff like the charter, democracy, legitimacy, monarchy, the republic, etc., when there were in the world all sorts of mosses, grasses, and shrubs which they might be looking at, and
The quote expresses the protagonist's confusion over why people engage in hatred and conflict over abstract political concepts and ideologies such as democracy and monarchy. Instead of focusing on these divisive issues, he believes that people should appreciate the beauty of nature, which is full of diversity in plants like mosses, grasses, and shrubs.
This perspective suggests a longing for unity and harmony among humanity, emphasizing that there are more peaceful and meaningful pursuits than fostering division over political disputes. The protagonist sees value in nature's simplicity and wonders why society becomes so preoccupied with trivial differences instead of cherishing the world around them.
