In "The Square and the Tower," Niall Ferguson explores the dynamics of power through the lens of networks and hierarchies. He argues that hierarchies can be viewed as unique types of networks where the movement of information or resources is limited to specific pathways. This structure is designed to enhance the influence of a dominant entity or individual, often referred to as the ruling node.

Ferguson's analysis highlights how these hierarchical systems can shape societal interactions and power dynamics. By restricting flows to certain edges, hierarchies maintain control and centrality, ensuring that the ruling node remains preeminent in the network. This perspective underscores the intricate relationship between power structures and the connectivity that defines them.