In Haruki Murakami's "Kafka on the Shore," the pursuit of happiness is presented as an elusive concept, much like the allegorical references of great literature. The narrative explores the complexity of human emotions, emphasizing how happiness can often feel abstract and unattainable. This aligns with the thoughts of Tolstoy, who suggests that while happiness may serve as an allegory, our experiences of unhappiness are more tangible and profound.

The characters in the novel navigate through their struggles and the intricacies of their emotions, highlighting that unhappiness is often more relatable and vivid. Through their journeys, Murakami illustrates the idea that understanding unhappiness may ultimately lead to a deeper insight into the nature of happiness itself, suggesting that it is through embracing life’s challenges that we can find meaning and possibly glimpse at true happiness.