The passage from "The Golden Compass" by Philip Pullman describes the profound connection between a person and their dæmon, a physical embodiment of their soul. When separated, the individual experiences a unique combination of deep physical discomfort and overwhelming emotions like sadness and love. This intense connection showcases the bond that exists and how separation can lead to distress.
As children, the characters often test this bond, seeing how far they can distance themselves from their dæmons. Each attempt to pull apart results in not only soaring anxiety but also a powerful relief upon reuniting. This captures the essence of their relationship, emphasizing the significance of that connection in both their emotional and physical lives.