Referendums are designed to get around parliamentary government, and people only demand referendums when they think they can't get a majority in parliament. Mussolini was the most brilliant practitioner of referendums.

Referendums are designed to get around parliamentary government, and people only demand referendums when they think they can't get a majority in parliament. Mussolini was the most brilliant practitioner of referendums.

📖 Kenneth Clarke

🌍 English  |  👨‍💼 Politician

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This quote highlights the strategic use of referendums as a tool to bypass traditional parliamentary processes. It underscores a cautionary view that referendums can be manipulated or exploited to consolidate power, as exemplified by Mussolini's implementation. While referendums can promote direct democracy, they also risk becoming instruments for authoritarian control if misused. The quote prompts reflection on the importance of balance and vigilance in democratic systems to prevent majoritarian decisions from undermining institutions and liberties.

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January 05, 2026

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