According to Aristotle, the essence of tragedy arises not from a protagonist's flaws but rather from their noble traits. This perspective suggests that it is the strength of character that pulls audiences into the depths of tragedy, as the admirable qualities can ultimately lead to downfall. This reveals a complex relationship between virtue and suffering, highlighting how goodness can contribute to a tragic fate.

Murakami emphasizes the role of irony and metaphor in understanding this connection. As readers engage with tragic narratives, they use metaphor to reconcile the tension between the virtues that may lead to conflict and despair. This process enhances emotional growth, allowing individuals to reflect on their own experiences and become more profound, empathetic beings.