The unrestricted person, who has in hand what they will in all events, is free. But anyone who can be restricted, coerced, or pushed into something against what they will is a slave. -EPICTETUS, DISCOURSES, 4.1.128b–129a
The essence of freedom, according to Epictetus, lies in the ability to act according to one's own will without any external constraints. A truly unrestricted person possesses the full command over their actions and decisions, enjoying the state of being free. In contrast, individuals who find themselves coerced, manipulated, or forced into actions contrary to their desires are not free; they are akin to slaves, lacking control over their own lives.
This philosophical perspective emphasizes the significance of personal autonomy and resilience in the face of external pressures. It suggests that true freedom comes from within and relates to how well individuals can maintain their will against societal or personal adversities. The distinction made by Epictetus reminds us to cultivate inner strength and prioritize our capacity to act in alignment with our true selves.
