In Victor Hugo's "Les Misérables," the author explores the profound contrasts between human suffering and compassion. The quote "there is always more wretchedness below than there is brotherhood above" reflects a deep observation of social inequality. It suggests that beneath the surface of society, there exists a greater degree of misery experienced by the less fortunate, overshadowing the kindness and solidarity that may exist among the privileged. This notion underscores the persistent struggles of the marginalized in contrast to the limited acts of brotherhood from those in power.

This sentiment encapsulates the book's central themes: the hardships faced by the poor and the ethical responsibilities of the privileged. Hugo calls attention to the social injustices that perpetuate suffering, emphasizing that compassion alone, without addressing systemic issues, is insufficient. By articulating this stark divide, Hugo invites readers to reflect on their roles within society and encourages a deeper understanding and action towards alleviating the struggles of the less fortunate.