In "Les Miserables," Victor Hugo explores the theme of societal change and the impact of the collective will of the people. He emphasizes that true transformation often comes from the populace, suggesting that they have the power to create new structures and realities by tearing down the old. This process signifies a necessary upheaval that leads to progress and renewal within society.

The quote highlights the dual nature of construction and destruction, where the actions of the public can lead to both demolition and the creation of better foundations for the future. It reflects Hugo's belief in the potential of the people to instigate significant change through their collective strength, underscoring the importance of the masses in shaping the course of history.