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Author: Eric R Kandel
Quotes of Author: Eric R Kandel

Eric R Kandel _ Reductionism in Art and Brain
Kandinsky argued that, like music, art need not represent objects: the sublime aspects of the human spirit and soul can only be expressed through abstraction. Just as music moves the heart of the listener, so form and color in painting should move the heart of the beholder.
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Eric R Kandel _ Reductionism in Art and Brain
The discovery by Hubel and Wiesel of cells that respond to linear stimuli with specific axes of orientation may partly explain our response to Mondrian's work, but it does not explain the artist's focus on horizontal and vertical lines to the exclusion of oblique lines. Vertical
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Eric R Kandel _ Reductionism in Art and Brain
Different mechanisms underlie short- and long-term memory storage. A single sensory neuron from the siphon skin connects to a motor neuron that innervates the gill. Short-term memory is produced by a single shock to the tail. This activates modulatory neurons {in blue} that cause a functional strengthening of the connections between the sensory and motor neurons. Long-term memory is produced by five repeated shocks to the tail. This activates the modulatory neurons more strongly and leads to the activation of CREB-1 genes and the growth of new synapses.
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Eric R Kandel _ Reductionism in Art and Brain
Emotions-sexuality, aggression, pleasure, fear, and pain-are instinctive processes. They color our lives and help us confront the fundamental challenges of avoiding pain and seeking pleasure. We
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Eric R Kandel _ Reductionism in Art and Brain
Like Picasso and Braque, Mondrian explored the influential ideas of Paul Cézanne, who greatly influenced the analytic Cubists with his idea that all natural forms can be reduced to three figural primitives: the cube, the cone, and the sphere {Loran 2006; Kandel 2014}. Mondrian recognized the plastic elements in analytic Cubism, and he began to echo the Cubists' use of geometric shapes and interlocking planes. He reduced a specific object, such as a tree, to a few lines and then connected those lines to the surrounding space {fig. 6.4}, thus entangling the branches of the tree with its surroundings. Yet whereas Cubist works played with simple shapes in a complex arena of shattered space, Mondrian's art became more reductionist. He distilled figures to their most elemental forms, eliminating altogether the sense of perspective.
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Eric R Kandel _ Reductionism in Art and Brain
One of the great artists of this period, Barnett Newman, wrote about his response and that of his fellow artists: "We are freeing ourselves of the impediments of memory, association, nostalgia, legend, myth, or what have you, that have been devices of Western European painting." In their attempt to
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Eric R Kandel _ Reductionism in Art and Brain
When repeated shocks and repeated release of serotonin are paired with the firing of the sensory neuron in associative learning, a signal is sent to the nucleus of the sensory neuron. This signal activates a gene, CREB-1, which leads to the growth of new connections between the sensory and motor neuron {fig. 4.5, right} {Bailey and Chen 1983; Kandel 2001}. These connections are what enable a memory to persist. So if you remember anything of what you have read here, it will be because your brain is slightly different than it was before you started to read.
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Eric R Kandel _ Reductionism in Art and Brain
Vertical and horizontal lines represented for Mondrian the two opposing life forces: the positive and the negative, the dynamic and the static, the masculine and the feminine. This
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Eric R Kandel _ Reductionism in Art and Brain
In the process, he came to understand a crucial principle of brain function: our brain takes the incomplete information about the outside world that it receives from our eyes and makes it complete.
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Eric R Kandel _ Reductionism in Art and Brain
My central premise is that although the reductionist approaches of scientists and artists are not identical in their aims-scientists use reductionism to solve a complex problem and artists use it to elicit a new perceptual and emotional response in the beholder-they are analogous. For example,
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Eric R Kandel _ Reductionism in Art and Brain
This reductionist vision is reflected in the evolution of his work. Perhaps Mondrian also implicitly realized that by excluding certain angles and focusing only on others he might pique the beholder's curiosity and imagination about the omissions.
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