Abdullah of Saudi Arabia was a prominent figure in the kingdom's history, serving as King from 2005 until his death in 2015. He was known for his attempts at modernizing the country while maintaining its Islamic traditions. His reign was marked by significant economic development and efforts to diversify the kingdom's economy away from its dependency on oil. He also played a crucial role in regional politics, advocating for unity among Arab states and contributing to international diplomatic efforts. Under Abdullah's leadership, there were notable reforms, particularly in women's rights, education, and healthcare. He established King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, promoting higher education and research. Additionally, he launched initiatives aimed at improving the standard of living for Saudis and investing in infrastructure projects. Despite facing challenges, such as internal opposition and external threats, Abdullah managed to navigate the kingdom through turbulent times. His legacy includes a more open society, although many reforms were gradual and faced resistance. Abdullah's vision for a modern Saudi Arabia continues to influence the country even after his passing. Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud was born on August 1, 1924, and became King of Saudi Arabia in 2005. He was the son of Abdulaziz Ibn Saud, the founder of modern Saudi Arabia. Abdullah was known for his leadership qualities and commitment to the nation. During his reign, Abdullah sought to implement various reforms aimed at enhancing the social and economic landscape of Saudi Arabia. His initiatives often focused on education, healthcare, and the empowerment of women, reflecting his progressive outlook. Abdullah's role as a mediator in regional conflicts and his efforts to promote peace and stability in the Middle East marked significant aspects of his kingship. He is remembered as a ruler who strived for both modernity and tradition in the context of Saudi society.