Antonio Gramsci was an influential Italian Marxist philosopher and political theorist, best known for his concept of cultural hegemony. He emphasized the importance of ideology and culture in maintaining the power of the ruling class, arguing that rather than solely using force, hegemony operates through consent and social institutions that shape values and beliefs. His writings provide insight into how subordinate classes can develop a counter-hegemonic culture to challenge dominant ideologies. Gramsci wrote extensively while imprisoned by the Fascist regime, producing a series of prison notebooks that analyzed the relationship between culture, power, and politics. He believed that intellectuals play a critical role in society, serving as mediators between the ruling class and the masses. His focus was on education and the formation of a collective consciousness among the working classes, stressing that political change requires cultural transformation. His legacy has had a profound impact on various fields, including political theory, sociology, and cultural studies. Gramsci's ideas continue to inspire movements seeking social justice and change, as they highlight the necessity of engaging with cultural practices to build a more equitable society. His work remains relevant in contemporary discussions about power, resistance, and the role of culture in politics.