Hosni Mubarak was an Egyptian military and political leader who served as the fourth President of Egypt from 1981 to 2011. He rose to power after the assassination of Anwar Sadat and maintained a strong grip on the country through decades of rule. Mubarak's presidency was marked by efforts to stabilize Egypt, economic reforms, and a focus on maintaining peace agreements, especially with Israel. Throughout his tenure, Mubarak's government faced criticism for corruption, lack of political freedoms, and human rights violations. Despite occasional protests and calls for reform, he managed to retain power for nearly three decades with support from the military and security forces. His leadership was characterized by a mix of economic liberalization and political repression. In 2011, amid the Arab Spring protests that swept across the Middle East, Mubarak was ousted from power after widespread demonstrations demanding political change. He was subsequently tried and convicted on charges related to corruption and the killing of protesters, but he was later acquitted on some charges. Mubarak’s fall marked a significant turning point in Egypt's modern history, leading to a period of political transition and uncertainty. Hosni Mubarak was an Egyptian military officer and politician. Born in 1928, he joined the Egyptian Air Force and rose through the ranks, eventually becoming its commander. His background in the military influenced his approach to governance and his emphasis on security and stability during his presidency. His leadership style was characterized by a focus on maintaining strict control over the political landscape, often suppressing opposition and limiting freedoms. Despite economic reforms that aimed to modernize Egypt's economy, the disparities and corruption within his administration contributed to public discontent. Mubarak's long rule ended amidst the wave of protests that demanded accountability and democratic reforms, culminating in his resignation in 2011.