“Notes from Underground” is a novel by the Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky, published in 1864. It explores the thoughts and feelings of a retired Civil Servant living in St. Petersburg, who detaches himself from society. The narrator, often referred to as the Underground Man, reveals his inner turmoil and critiques social norms and contemporary philosophies, particularly rational egoism and utilitarianism. The novel is notable for its deep introspection and exploration of existential themes, presenting a complex character who embodies both suffering and pride. The narrative is divided into two parts; the first is a monologue by the Underground Man, where he reflects on his life, society, and his disdain for people around him. He struggles with his own identity and sense of morality while confronting the alienation that his perspective brings. The second part narrates a series of events in which the Underground Man interacts with others, revealing his contradictory nature and the impact of his worldview on his relationships, particularly with a woman named Liza. “Notes from Underground” is considered a precursor to modern psychological literature and existential philosophy. Dostoevsky’s portrayal of the Underground Man captures the conflict between individualism and societal expectations, as well as the search for meaning in a seemingly indifferent world. The novel's influence extends to various fields, prompting discussions on human psychology, morality, and the essence of freedom.