"Political Order and Political Decay," authored by Francis Fukuyama, explores the evolution of political institutions from the Industrial Revolution to contemporary times. Fukuyama argues that the stability of political order is essential for a functioning society and that various factors, including economic development, cultural traditions, and the historical context, profoundly influence political structures. He emphasizes the role of strong institutions in promoting legitimacy and effectiveness in governance.
The book divides its discourse into two main themes: the processes that lead to political order and those that result in political decay. Fukuyama highlights how societies can develop effective political frameworks through revolutions or gradual progress. However, he cautions that once established, these institutions can also weaken over time due to corruption, lack of accountability, and disconnect from societal needs, signaling a decline in political order.
Fukuyama’s analysis extends to the current landscape of globalization and its impact on democracy. He acknowledges that globalization brings challenges such as the erosion of state sovereignty and an increase in inequality. Ultimately, Fukuyama calls for a reevaluation of political institutions globally, advocating for reforms that strengthen governance, enhance public trust, and adapt to the changing political landscape to foster a more resilient democratic order.