To embarrass Madison, Elias Boudinot read aloud in Congress some passages about the "necessary and proper" clause from Federalist number 44, notably the following: "No axiom is more clearly established in law or in reason than wherever the end is required, the means are authorized; wherever a general power to do a thing is given, every particular power for doing it is included."26 Hamilton probably tipped off his old friend that Madison had written these incriminating words.
( Ron Chernow )
[ Alexander Hamilton ]
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