In Naguib Mahfouz's work "Under the Umbrella," he explores the concept of reason, intertwining it with themes of wisdom, selfishness, and cowardice. The narrative delves into how rational thought can guide individuals toward wisdom, enhancing their understanding of themselves and their surroundings. However, this same reason can also lead to selfish motivations and a retreat into cowardice when faced with challenges.

This duality in the nature of reason serves as a critical commentary on human behavior, suggesting that while it can illuminate paths to enlightenment, it can also lead individuals astray when self-interest and fear dictate their actions. Mahfouz’s reflections encourage readers to examine their own motivations and the intricate balance between rational thought and emotional responses.