In James Joyce's "Ulysses," the quote "a darkness shining in brightness which brightness could not comprehend" reflects the complexity of human experience. This phrase suggests a paradox where darkness and brightness coexist, indicating that there are deeper, often incomprehensible truths beneath the surface of seemingly clear situations. It invites readers to explore the nuances of life, illuminating the interplay between light and shadow in personal and universal struggles.

This duality embodies the broader themes of the novel, where characters navigate their desires, fears, and existential inquiries. The juxtaposition points to the limitations of perception and understanding, urging a contemplation of the hidden layers of reality that remain obscured, even in moments of clarity. Joyce's exploration of these themes highlights the richness of human consciousness and the intricate tapestry of life’s experiences.