Judith Butler, in her book "Gender Trouble," argues that gender is a complex interplay between cultural construction and biological sex. Unlike the simplistic association of gender with culture and sex with nature, Butler suggests that gender plays a crucial role in shaping and defining what is perceived as natural regarding sex. This implies that gender is not merely a societal overlay but a dynamic process that influences the understanding of biological differences.

Furthermore, Butler emphasizes that gender constructs and reinforces the idea of a natural sex, framing it as something that exists before cultural influences. This perspective challenges the notion that sex is politically neutral or fixed, arguing instead that cultural discourses actively create and maintain the meanings attached to sex and gender. Thus, Butler's work invites a reevaluation of how we perceive the categories of gender and sex, highlighting the complex relationship between them.