Edward Tylor, a distinguished nineteenth-century cultural anthropologist. For him, culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.
Edward Tylor’s conception of culture as a 'complex whole' profoundly encapsulates the multifaceted nature of human societies. This perspective emphasizes that culture is not merely about visible customs or art forms, but encompasses a vast array of interconnected elements that define human life and social coherence. Recognizing that knowledge, beliefs, morals, laws, and customs interweave to shape societal identity underscores the importance of understanding culture holistically. It illustrates how individuals acquire capabilities and habits through social participation, and how these elements evolve collectively over time. Such a comprehensive view invites us to consider culture as a dynamic tapestry—constantly changing yet rooted in shared understanding and collective memory. It also reminds us that human behavior cannot be fully comprehended by isolating single components; instead, a systemic approach is necessary to appreciate how diverse aspects of culture reinforce and influence one another. This understanding deeply influences anthropology, ethnography, sociology, and even psychology, prompting scholars and thinkers to explore the intricate ways in which societal norms and individual identities are built. Furthermore, Bentley Tylor’s definition encourages a respect for cultural diversity, acknowledging that each society’s unique 'whole' is vital in understanding the richness of human existence. It’s a reminder that culture is both learned and transmitted, and that recognizing its complexity allows us to foster empathy, cooperation, and social cohesion among varied peoples worldwide.
