In "Towards a Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right," Karl Marx famously characterized religion, specifically Christianity, as "the opiate of the people." He suggested that religion serves as a powerful sedative that helps individuals cope with the harshness of oppressive social realities by providing solace through dreams of a better afterlife. This perspective highlights how faith can serve as a comforting escape from the struggles of daily life.

However, Miroslav Volf argues that Marx overlooked another significant aspect of religion: its potential to energize and motivate individuals to face challenges and work towards social change. While Marx emphasizes religion's introspective qualities, Volf contends that it can also inspire action and community engagement, enabling believers to work for the common good while remaining grounded in their faith.