In "The Sot-Weed Factor," John Barth poses a provocative question about human nature, examining the conflict between civility and savagery. He suggests that beneath the surface of polite society, primal instincts linger, challenging the idea that humans are inherently civilized. This dichotomy raises the question of whether our refined manners merely mask a more savage core or if true gentility is occasionally marred by savage outbursts.

The imagery Barth uses evokes a striking contrast between innocence and corruption, suggesting that while humans may strive for gentility, the potential for baser instincts remains. Ultimately, he invites readers to reflect on the complexities of human behavior and the thin veneer of civilization that separates us from our more primal tendencies.