In the late 1940s, psychologists observed that the mind has a remarkable ability to reject perceptions that it finds uncomfortable or unwelcome. This phenomenon reflects an intrinsic defense mechanism where individuals subconsciously avoid facing certain realities or truths that could cause distress.

This insight laid the groundwork for further understanding of cognitive biases and the complexities of human thought processes, emphasizing how our mental frameworks can shape our perceptions. Michael Lewis, in "The Undoing Project," explores the implications of these findings and their impact on decision-making and human behavior.