In Michael Lewis's book "Flash Boys," the author discusses how the advent of high-frequency trading has shifted responsibility in financial markets. He argues that technology, particularly algorithms and computers, now dominates trading decisions, diminishing human involvement and accountability. This shift has led to concerns about market fairness and transparency, as the speed and complexity of automated systems can leave individual investors at a disadvantage.

Lewis points out that the reliance on computers to execute trades has transformed the fundamental nature of the market. Traditional investment strategies are increasingly overshadowed by high-speed trading, where machines react instantaneously to market changes. This evolution raises questions about ethical practices and the overall integrity of financial systems, as traders may prioritize technology over principled decision-making.