In "The Guns of August," Barbara W. Tuchman portrays Kaiser Wilhelm II as a leader who desires increased power and influence for Germany on the global stage. Unlike the traditional Prussian archetype, he is depicted as more cosmopolitan yet timid, preferring to intimidate other nations rather than engage in direct conflict. His aspirations reflect a longing for prestige and authority without the accompanying risks of war.

As tensions mounted, particularly during crises like those at Algeciras and Agadir, the Kaiser often retreated rather than pursuing aggressive military actions. This tendency illustrates his complicated character, embodying both ambition and an aversion to the actual confrontation that could jeopardize his goals. Tuchman suggests that his approach was more about seeking rewards associated with strength while avoiding the battles that would entail such a position.