The era described was marked by significant social and political upheaval as various populist movements emerged, advocating for key reforms such as implementing an income tax, reforming tariffs, regulating railroads, and allowing direct election of U.S. senators. This period witnessed escalating tensions as workers became increasingly dissatisfied, culminating in a series of strikes that often turned violent and disruptive.

One of the most notable incidents was the Pullman strike of 1894, which paralyzed much of the nation's rail system and sparked riots and acts of sabotage. The federal response to this unrest was swift and forceful, involving the deployment of troops to suppress the violence. This moment in history illustrates the intense struggles for reform and the deep divisions within American society during this transformative time.