In Victor Hugo's "Les Miserables," the author presents a profound perspective on humanity, suggesting that there are two fundamental types of people: those who embody light and those who dwell in darkness. The ultimate goal, according to Hugo, is to increase the number of luminous individuals while reducing the shady ones, highlighting the importance of moral and intellectual upliftment.

Hugo emphasizes the transformative power of education and knowledge, likening the act of learning to igniting a fire within. Each word learned is portrayed as a spark that illuminates the mind, reinforcing the belief that enlightenment through education is essential for creating a brighter, more just society.