In Joseph Heller's novel "Catch-22," the central theme revolves around the paradoxical reasoning that defines wartime bureaucracy and the absurdity of military life. The term "Catch-22" refers to a no-win situation where individuals are trapped by contradictory rules. It highlights how those in power often prioritize their own interests over the well-being of others. This idea shapes the characters' experiences as they navigate the challenges of survival in a chaotic environment.

The story chronicles the struggles of Captain John Yossarian, who is desperate to escape the demands of combat. Yet, he finds himself ensnared by the very regulations meant to guide and protect him. The catch that prevents him from avoiding dangerous missions is emblematic of the larger critique of society's systems that leave individuals feeling powerless and frustrated. In this way, "Catch-22" serves as a poignant commentary on the human condition, emphasizing the illogical nature of certain societal structures.