In 1927, the cultural landscape of America was dramatically shifting, yet still fraught with racial tensions. Bill Bryson's book, One Summer: America, 1927, highlights the resistance against progressive ideas, particularly in the realm of theater. The controversy surrounding Eugene O'Neill's play, All God's Chillun, exemplifies this struggle as authorities objected to the portrayal of black and white children interacting freely, demonstrating a societal unwillingness to accept racial integration.

This incident underscores the deep-seated prejudices and regulatory measures of the time. The Manhattan district attorney's decision to intervene and halt the play illustrates how law enforcement was often used to maintain the status quo, resisting any shifts towards equality. Bryson's exploration of this period reveals the challenges faced by artists and writers in addressing social issues, reflecting broader national debates over race and civil rights.