The passage describes a bleak and desolate landscape that greatly impacts the character Stephen. Awakening to a dawn-like light that is dim and sorrowful, he observes the large, grey hills surrounding him, which contribute to a sense of hopelessness. The sight of the black bog further amplifies this feeling of despair, leaving a profound impression on him.
When Stephen comments on the oppressive scenery, he sarcastically refers to it as a kingdom, prompting surprise from the gentleman who corrects him, revealing it to be Scotland. This exchange emphasizes the stark reality of the landscape, underlining its emotional weight and the contrasting idea of nobility linked to one's domain.