When norms of mutual toleration are weak, democracy is hard to sustain. If we view our rivals as a dangerous threat, we have much to fear if they are elected. We may decide to employ any means necessary to defeat them - and therein lies a justification for authoritarian measures. Politicians who are tagged as criminal or subversive may be jailed; governments deemed to pose a threat to the nation may be overthrown.
In "How Democracies Die," Steven Levitsky emphasizes the importance of mutual toleration in maintaining a stable democracy. When political norms that promote respect and acceptance of opponents are weak, it becomes difficult for democratic systems to thrive. Political rivals can be seen as existential threats, leading to a climate of fear and unrest. This fear may push individuals and groups to resort to extreme measures to combat their perceived enemy, which can undermine democratic institutions.
Levitsky warns that viewing opponents as dangerous can lead to justifications for authoritarian actions. This includes the potential jailing of political figures labeled as threats and even the overthrow of governments that are viewed as detrimental to national security. Such actions can erode the foundations of democracy, leading to a cycle of conflict and power grabs, ultimately diminishing the collective commitment to democratic values and processes.
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