In Victor Hugo's "Les Misérables," the themes of misfortune and infamy are intricately woven together, highlighting the plight of society's marginalized individuals. These characters, who endure hardship and struggle, represent the outcasts and the underdogs of society, often seen as less than human due to their circumstances. They are unified under a shared identity, referred to as "les misérables," emphasizing their collective suffering and societal rejection.

This grouping signals a poignant intersection between the unfortunate and infamous, suggesting that societal judgments often overlook the humanity of these individuals. Rather than simply labeling them as failures, Hugo challenges readers to recognize their stories and the complex factors that contribute to their status. Through this narrative, the author evokes empathy and a call for understanding, inviting readers to consider the broader impacts of social injustice.