In Victor Hugo's "Les Misérables," there is a profound reflection on the nature of animals and their relationship to human virtues and vices. He suggests that animals serve as reflections of our own moral qualities, acting as visible manifestations of our inner selves. God presents these creatures to us not for their own sake but to encourage deep self-examination and contemplation of our souls. Since animals lack true intelligence and purpose, they remain uneducable, highlighting a distinction between them and humans.

Hugo emphasizes that while animals are mere shadows, humans possess souls that hold a significant reality and potential for education. God has endowed humanity with intelligence and the capacity for personal growth. Through effective social education, individuals can realize their intrinsic potential and contribute positively to society. This vision underlines the transformative power of education, which can unlock the valuable qualities hidden within every individual, regardless of their background.