In "Patriotism Is Not Enough," Steven F. Hayward explores the differing views of Walter Berns and Harry Jaffa regarding virtue and its role in society. Berns emphasized the importance of individual virtue as essential for fostering a decent political regime. He believed that the moral character of individuals underpins the proper functioning of society.

On the other hand, Jaffa focused on the philosophical foundation of the regime itself, arguing that a stable and just government is crucial for cultivating individual virtue. He posited that a sound political structure supports the development of ethical citizens. Together, their perspectives illuminate the debate on the interplay between individual morality and political philosophy in American conservatism.