When the first Europeans reached the Americas, they encountered a diverse array of agricultural practices. Indigenous farmers were already growing over a hundred types of edible plants, including staples like potatoes, tomatoes, and corn, as well as various fruits and nuts. This remarkable range of crops illustrates the advanced agricultural knowledge present in the New World prior to European colonization.

Today, it is estimated that a significant portion, around 60 percent, of global crops can trace their origins back to the Americas. This highlights the profound impact of indigenous agriculture on the world’s food systems and underscores the importance of the crops that were cultivated long before European settlers arrived. The contributions of these native plants have shaped diets and agricultural practices globally, showcasing the richness of the Americas' agricultural heritage.