The story revolves around the Woodlawn family, particularly Caddie, a spirited girl living in the 1860s. Through her adventures and interactions with friends and family, the book captures themes of growth, exploration, and the challenges of frontier life. Caddie's character embodies curiosity and independence, making her a relatable figure for young readers.

As the narrative unfolds, Caddie experiences various trials that shape her understanding of the world around her. The Woodlawns’ house serves as a symbol of their resilience and warmth, contrasted with the struggles they face. Overall, the story emphasizes the importance of family, friendship, and the beauty of a lively childhood.