In Victor Hugo's "Les Miserables," the author warns about the dangers of mistaking the past for the future, suggesting that old ideas often resurface under new guises. This phenomena can lead to confusion and deception, as what may appear forward-looking is often a mere rebranding of outdated notions. Hugo emphasizes the importance of recognizing and confronting these ideas to avoid falling into their traps.

The past, characterized by superstition and hypocrisy, can mislead people if left unexamined. Hugo urges readers to unveil the truth behind these deceptive facades by exposing the inherent flaws in outdated beliefs. By doing so, society can move forward with clarity rather than being hindered by the weight of its own history.