In "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame," Victor Hugo explores the profound impact of intense emotions on the human experience. He suggests that both extreme joy and excessive pain are overwhelming and unsustainable, showcasing the emotional limits of individuals. Such feelings can be powerful but are often fleeting, highlighting the balance required in life.

Hugo emphasizes that the heart has a capacity for only so much intensity, whether it be happiness or suffering, and prolonged extremes can lead to emotional turmoil. This insight reflects the universal struggle between joy and pain, illustrating how both can shape human behavior and relationships.