The Gans and Savigny controversy revolves around different interpretations of legal philosophy and the nature of law. Gans supported a more rational, systematic approach to law, while Savigny emphasized the historical and cultural context in which laws develop. Their debates reflect broader discussions in legal theory about how laws should be understood and applied, showcasing the clash between modernity and tradition in legal practices.

In the context of literature, a significant work that explores themes of justice and morality is "Les Misérables" by Victor Hugo. Through vivid storytelling, Hugo delves into the struggles of individuals against oppressive societal systems, mirroring some of the complexities in legal debates. The characters, like Jean Valjean and Inspector Javert, navigate a world where the law interacts intricately with human experience, echoing the philosophical inquiries raised by Gans and Savigny.