In "Darkness Visible: A Memoir of Madness," William Styron expresses the profound emotional turmoil that accompanies mental illness. He describes the gradual erosion of self-esteem, which leads to a diminished sense of self and an increased reliance on others. This process can result in a downward spiral into vulnerability and a terrifying dependency that strips away one's autonomy.

Styron highlights the pervasive fear that arises from this loss, particularly the dread of abandonment by loved ones. As mental health deteriorates, individuals can become engulfed by anxiety and isolation, fearing not only the things they have lost but also the potential loss of relationships that are vital to their well-being. This reflects a deep, universal struggle with self-worth and connection during times of despair.