In "The Revenge Of Geography," Robert D. Kaplan argues that causality should not be viewed through a single lens, such as determinism, individualism, or randomness. Instead, he suggests that an understanding of causality emerges from the interplay of these three elements. This perspective encourages a more nuanced approach to geopolitical analysis, emphasizing that various factors influence outcomes in complex ways.

Kaplan's insights highlight the importance of considering historical context, individual choices, and unpredictable events when examining global conflicts and outcomes. By integrating these aspects, he offers a more comprehensive framework for understanding geopolitical dynamics and the forces that shape our world.