In Amartya Sen's "The Idea of Justice," the author argues that a complete understanding of ideal social arrangements is not essential for informing the rational selection of policies or institutions aimed at achieving justice. Rather than striving for a perfect model of justice, it is more pragmatic to focus on improving existing social conditions and addressing injustices as they arise. This approach emphasizes the importance of practical solutions over theoretical ideals.

Sen suggests that the quest for a wholly just society may distract from real-world applications of justice. By recognizing that fully just arrangements are not prerequisites for justice, he advocates for a justice framework that is flexible, capable of guiding actionable strategies, and responsive to societal needs. This standpoint shifts the focus from unattainable ideals to tangible improvements, fostering a more relevant discourse on justice in various contexts.