In his book "The Return of Marco Polo's World," Robert D. Kaplan poses a critical question regarding U.S. intervention in Syria. He warns that if the U.S. successfully removes dictator Bashar al-Assad, the aftermath may be troubling. The rise of a Sunni jihadist government could follow, leading to significant instability in the region.

Kaplan also highlights the potential for ethnic violence, particularly against the Alawite community, which has historically been aligned with Assad. The implications of American actions could lead to unforeseen consequences, prompting a reevaluation of the complexities involved in foreign interventions.