In "The Return of Marco Polo's World," Robert D. Kaplan discusses the emerging era characterized by instability and chaos on a global scale. He emphasizes the growing complexity of international relations, where traditional power structures are increasingly challenged by non-state actors and shifting alliances. This landscape reflects a departure from a more orderly geopolitical environment, complicating the strategic choices for nations, particularly the United States.

Kaplan asserts that we are entering an age described as "comparative anarchy," where nations must navigate through unpredictable challenges. This phrase highlights the diminishing control that established powers have over global events, prompting a reassessment of strategies and interests. In this context, Kaplan urges readers to recognize the ongoing transformations in global dynamics and the need for adaptive responses to safeguard national interests.