In Central Europe, communism positioned itself as a solution to the economic disparities and injustices stemming from capitalist industrialization. It offered a radical populist approach aimed at addressing the grievances of the working class and promoting social equity. This ideology was perceived as a necessary response to the challenges posed by bourgeois practices and their detrimental effects on society.

Conversely, in the regions of the former Byzantine-Ottoman Empire, where modern industrialization had not taken root, communism was experienced as a destructive force. Rather than alleviating societal issues, it acted more like a devastating invasion, reminiscent of the Mongol incursions. In this context, communism did not represent hope but rather contributed to additional chaos and disarray, lacking the constructive foundation seen in its Central European counterpart.